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. 2025 Jul 12;11:138. doi: 10.1186/s40795-025-01115-0

Table 2.

Evaluation of correct answers to Myths according to HbA1c levels of type 1 diabetics

HbA1c Total
(n:190)
p
<%7
(n:55)
≥%7
(n:135)
n % n % n %
1. Eating too much sugar may have caused my diabetes. 55 100.0 116 85.9 171 90.0 0.003*
2. Drinking plain soda can lower my blood sugar. 26 47.3 66 48.9 92 48.4 0.083
3. Sour fruits contain less carbohydrates. 41 74.5 73 54.1 114 60.0 0.009*
4. Individuals with diabetes should not eat sugary fruits such as grapes, figs, and melons because they contain too much sugar. 50 90.9 86 63.7 136 71.6 0.000*
5. I should eat sweets or ice cream when my blood sugar is low. 30 54.5 55 40.7 85 44.7 0.083
6. If I eat only fish and salad in a meal, I don’t need to take insulin because there are no carbohydrates, and my blood sugar won’t increase. 37 67.3 74 54.8 111 58.4 0.114
7. All products labeled sugar-free are carbohydrate-free. 54 98.2 115 85.2 169 88.9 0.010*
8. Cinnamon and various herbal supplements can balance my blood sugar. 30 54.5 49 36.3 79 41.6 0.021*
9. When my blood sugar drops, I can eat chocolate or biscuits instead of fruit juice or sugar. They both raise my blood sugar because they are sugary. 43 78.2 88 65.2 131 68.9 0.079
10. I cannot eat fruit alone because it will raise my blood sugar quickly; I must always have a protein source like milk with it. 24 43.6 55 40.7 79 41.6 0.713
11. If my blood sugar is below 200 before going to bed, I should have an additional snack. 48 87.3 77 57.0 125 65.8 0.000*
12. If my blood sugar is 300, I should walk and drink water 49 89.1 81 60.0 130 68.4 0.000*
13. Instead of diet or sugar-free drinks, I can drink sugary ones as long as I calculate carbohydrates; it won’t be a problem. 20 36.4 47 34.8 67 35.3 0.839
14. I can tell if my blood sugar is dropping or rising without checking my blood sugar. 39 70.9 77 57.0 116 61.1 0.075
15. Only carbohydrates affect my blood sugar, whereas protein and fats do not 53 96.4 103 76.3 156 82.1 0.001*
16. Because I have diabetes, I should not eat sweet food like sugar and ice cream. 51 92.7 91 67.4 142 74.7 0.298
17. Because I have diabetes, my immunity is lower, and I can get sick more easily. 33 60.0 46 34.1 79 41.6 0.001*
18. Two apples of the same weight; the green one has fewer carbohydrates than the red one. 38 69.1 77 57.0 115 60.5 0.123
19. If I eat yoghurt and lemon before going to bed in the evening, it can help balance my blood sugar. 41 74.5 64 47.4 105 55.3 0.001*
20. I don’t need to use measures like spoon or scale when eating because I believe I can estimate the carbohydrates just by looking. 34 61.8 94 69.6 128 67.4 0.298
21. Diet and diabetic products are sugar-free, so I can eat as much as I want. 54 98.2 111 82.2 165 86.8 0.003*
22. It is necessary to have 3 snacks. 32 58.2 51 37.8 83 43.7 0.010*
23. If my blood sugar drops below 150 at 03:00, I should drink milk. 44 80.0 51 37.8 95 50.0 0.000*
24. If my fasting blood sugar is high, I should increase my long-acting insulin. 50 90.9 102 75.6 152 80.0 0.016*
25. If I measure my blood sugar at 80 before exercising, I start exercising right away. - - 1 0.7 1 0.5 0.522

Chi-square test. *p < 0.05