Table 3.
Regression analyses on the impact of incremental ‘good ON-time’ on clinical, humanistic, and economic burden in the G7 population
| Outcome | Change in burden with every 1-h increase in ‘good ON-time,’ adjusted ratio/coefficient (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical burden | ||
| Uncontrolled motor symptoms, OR | 0.79 (0.62, 1.01) | 0.060 |
| Uncontrolled non-motor symptoms, OR | 0.88 (0.84, 0.96) | 0.004* |
| Number of falls in last 12 months relating to PD, IRR | 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) | < 0.001* |
| Number of PD treatment classes (1 vs 2 +), IRR | 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) | 0.006* |
| MDS-UPDRS total score (all parts), coefficient | − 2.68 (− 6.18, 0.82) | 0.129 |
| Humanistic burden | ||
| ADL independence, OR | 1.19 (1.03, 1.37) | 0.013* |
| UPDRS total score, coefficient | − 3.70 (− 6.03, − 1.36) | 0.002* |
| EQ-5D, coefficient | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | 0.001* |
| EQ-5D VAS, coefficient | 1.89 (0.95, 2.82) | < 0.001* |
| PDQ-39, coefficient | − 1.49 (− 2.46, − 0.52) | 0.003* |
| ZBI, coefficient | − 0.74 (− 2.08, 0.60) | 0.276 |
| Economic burden (healthcare resource utilization and costs) | ||
| Hospitalizations (including surgery) in the last 12 months, OR | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) | 0.001* |
| Hospitalization costs ($), coefficient | − 2496.98 (− 5708.52, 714.55) | 0.128 |
| ICU admission in last 12 months, OR | 0.73 (0.60, 0.89) | 0.002* |
| Number of ER visits in last 12 months, IRR | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) | 0.013* |
| ER visit costs ($), coefficient | − 2176. 10 (− 4389.16, 36.95) | 0.054 |
| Number of PD consultations in last 12 months, IRR | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.851 |
| Consultation costs ($), coefficient | − 11.96 (− 108.19, 84.26) | 0.807 |
| Number of scans for PD in last 12 months, IRR | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 0.994 |
| Scan costs ($), coefficient | 15.67 (− 36.12, 67.46) | 0.553 |
| Respite care, OR | 0.93 (0.87, 1.00) | 0.051 |
| Respite care costs ($), coefficient | − 12,344.30 (− 24,598.03, − 90.57) | 0.048* |
| Professional care partner status, OR | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) | < 0.001* |
| Professional care costs ($), coefficient | − 51.88 (− 1588.65, 1484.89) | 0.947 |
| Non-professional care partner status, OR | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) | 0.968 |
| Mean total costs ($), coefficient | − 8602.24 (− 12,192.70, − 5011.77) | < 0.001* |
ADL, activity of daily living; CI, confidence interval; EQ-5D, EuroQol 5-Dimension; EQ-5D VAS, EuroQol 5-Dimension visual analog scale; ER, emergency room; ICU, intensive care unit; IRR, incidence rate ratio; MDS, Movement Disorder Society; OR, odds ratio; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PDQ-39, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; ZBI, Zarit Burden Interview
*Values are statistically significant