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. 2025 Jun 30;12:1623026. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1623026

Table 2.

Effect of Raga and Chinese five-element music on milk quality.

Items Time/d Control Raga Chinese five-element P
Milk fat percentage (g/100 g) 0 3.56 ± 0.31 3.70 ± 0.49 3.58 ± 0.39 0.476
30 3.82 ± 0.43 3.89 ± 0.65 3.84 ± 0.34 0.896
60 4.00 ± 0.56 4.16 ± 0.73 4.10 ± 0.53 0.701
Milk protein (g/100 g) 0 3.44 ± 0.25 3.48 ± 0.20 3.46 ± 0.25 0.965
30 3.56 ± 0.22 3.60 ± 0.27 3.58 ± 0.26 0.872
60 3.55 ± 0.22 3.56 ± 0.29 3.56 ± 0.33 0.988
Milk lactose (g/100 g) 0 5.29 ± 0.16 5.32 ± 0.18 5.29 ± 0.15 0.679
30 5.38 ± 0.23 5.41 ± 0.17 5.39 ± 0.19 0.925
60 5.35 ± 0.17 5.89 ± 0.48 5.38 ± 0.22 0.937
Total solids (g/100 g) 0 13.30 ± 1.02 13.29 ± 0.95 13.38 ± 0.91 0.951
30 13.24 ± 0.93 13.30 ± 0.99 13.26 ± 0.51 0.974
60 13.84 ± 1.05 14.10 ± 0.56 13.97 ± 0.82 0.624
SCC (10,000/mL) 0 41.65 ± 5.07 41.23 ± 6.44 41.21 ± 5.93 0.965
30 46.25 ± 5.25 44.47 ± 5.39 44.76 ± 6.54 0.577
60 43.09 ± 3.98 42.90 ± 5.55 43.25 ± 6.60 0.980
Non-fat solids (g/100 g) 0 9.30 ± 0.31 9.28 ± 0.47 9.31 ± 0.30 0.961
30 9.45 ± 0.27 9.48 ± 0.32 9.47 ± 0.42 0.970
60 9.43 ± 0.27 9.51 ± 0.25 9.46 ± 0.32 0.739