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. 2025 Jun 25;15(6):2794–2806. doi: 10.62347/VHDF3303

Table 4.

The multivariate analysis of risk factors for survivals

PFS OS


HR (95 CI) p-value HR (95 CI) p-value
Histologic subtype
    SCC Ref 0.423 1.606 (0.928-2.777) 0.090
    Adenocarcinoma 0.809 (0.482-1.359) Ref
Gender
    Woman Ref 0.201 Ref 0.609
    Man 1.684 (0.758-3.742) 1.266 (0.513-3.124)
Liver Metastasis
    No Ref 0.675 0.748
    Yes 1.122 (0.655-1.921) 1.115 (0.575-2.161)
Bone Metastasis
    Yes Ref 0.046 1.810 (1.064-3.079) 0.029
    No 0.598 (0.361-0.992) Ref
Opioid Using
    No Ref 0.267 0.798 (0.096-6.618) 0.835
    Yes 3.166 (0.413-24.254) Ref
Tramadol
    No Ref 0.510 Ref 0.350
    Yes 1.255 (0.639-2.467) 1.402 (0.691-2.846)
Morphine
    No 0.977 (0.289-3.306) 0.970 0.925 (0.242-3.534) 0.909
    Yes Ref Ref
Fentanyl
    No 0.608 (0.333-1.111) 0.106 0.675 (0.359-1.270) 0.223
    Yes Ref Ref
Codein
    No Ref 0.474 0.694
    Yes 1.256 (0.673-2.343) 1.148 (0.577-2.287)

HR, hazard ratio; OS, Overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; Ref, reference; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma.