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. 2025 Jun 27;11:e67005. doi: 10.2196/67005

Table 3. Standardized factor loadings for the perceived barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence (PEDIA) scale by type of factory analysis used.a.

EFA 2 CFA 1 CFA 2
Item number Item content F1 F2 F1 F2 F1 F2
1 The main problem of living with HIV is the stigma around it. 0.518 −0.232 0.363b c
2 I am afraid to be identified as living with HIV when I go to the health care facility to get my HIV meds refill. 0.918 −0.276 0.646b
3 It frustrates me to think that I need to take the HIV meds in order to be alive. 0.472 0.200 0.633 0.673
4 Sometimes I skip taking my HIV meds because I want to avoid side effects. −0.067 0.793 0.647 0.648
5 Despite my HIV status, I live a normal life. −0.229d −0.366d
6 It is difficult to take my HIV meds at home. −0.186 0.890 0.756 0.778
7 I do not like to take my HIV meds around others. 0.430 0.261 0.700 0.682
8 Sometimes I forget to take my HIV meds because I get distracted. −0.265 0.781 0.600 0.638
9 It is difficult to take my HIV meds at work. −0.096 0.850 0.818 0.829
10 I believe that my HIV meds make me healthy. −0.117d −0.312d
11 It is tiresome to take my HIV meds every day. 0.390 0.434 0.775 0.835
12 I find it difficult to swallow the pills. 0.136 0.459 0.597b
13 When I feel depressed I do not want to take my HIV meds. 0.046 0.740 0.705 0.680
14 It is difficult to tell people that I am living with HIV. 0.869 −0.233 0.646b
15 I am worried about the HIV meds stopping to work in the future. 0.518 0.049 0.491b
16 It is hard to get used to the side effects. 0.161d 0.397d
17 It bothers me that I have to get my HIV meds refill in the health care facility’s pharmacy. 0.739 −0.039 0.699 0.606
18 It is harder to keep track of my HIV meds on weekends. 0.022 0.601 0.685 0.675
a

Two types of analysis were conducted: exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). All analyses used a 2-factor structure. EFA 2 was performed using Sample 2020. CFAs 1 and 2 were performed using Sample 2021.

b

Item removal in CFA 1 was based on modification indices and theoretical relevance.

c

Not applicable.

d

Item removal in EFA 2 was primarily determined by standardized factor loadings below 0.4, supplemented by theoretical considerations.