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. 2025 Jun 26;16:1597074. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1597074

Figure 4.

A forest plot depicting clinical and pathological features against average odds ratio with confidence intervals. Clinical features include cliniquefaction and skin change. Pathological features include various CD4 and CD8 measures, with outcomes color-coded: red for impaired wound healing and blue for complicated courses. The vertical line at 1.0 indicates the reference point.

Clinical and histopathological features predicting outcome. Germinal center number, scattered distribution of granuloma associated CD4+ T-cells, higher CD8+ T-cell density inside the necrosis and foamy epitheloid cells were associated with a favorable outcome. Forest plot of the Average of Odds Ratio (OR) associated to each outcome (95% confidence interval (CI), binomial logistic regression models). Solid dots: significant variables. Hollow dots: non-significant ones (significance threshold at adjusted p < 0.05). Details of the ORs and related CIs are given in Supplementary Table 2 . clinliquefaction = signs of liquefaction (MRI or ultrasound); skin change = clinical skin symptoms (e.g. discoloration); nGCs = number of germinal centers; CD4 peri gran dt mean = Delaunay: Mean distance between CD4+ T-cells in the perigranulomatous area; CD8 score in gran = CD8+ T-cell density (aim for necrosis and set positive cells in relation to the positive cells inside the granuloma wall: IC 0: <0.1%, IC 1: 0.1-0.4%, IC 2: 0.5-0.9%, IC 3: 1-100%); CD8 nec/TZ mean = ratio granuloma necrosis/T-cell zone: Mean numbers of CD8+ positive cells per mm2; foam epi-c = foam cell aspect: epitheloid cells; CD4 cluster wall median = median number of CD4+ T-cells forming a cluster inside the granuloma wall; reg GCs = regressive germinal centers.