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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2025 May 20;70(3):239–247.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2025.05.009

Table 1.

Voting Group Composition

Respondent Clinical and Demographic Characteristicsa N (%)

Gender Female 26 (74%)
Male 9 (26%)
Race/ethnicityb Asian 1 (3%)
Black or African American 1 (3%)
Latine/o/a/x or Spanish origin 2 (6%)
White 32 (91%)
Other 3 (8.6%)
Specialties/subspecialtiesb Hospice and palliative medicine 34 (97%)
Internal medicine 23 (66%)
Family medicine 2 (6%)
Pediatrics 3 (8%)
Psychiatry 7 (20%)
Hematology and oncology 3 (8.6%)
Geriatrics 2 (6%)
Other 2 (6%)
Years of experience <1 year 1 (3%)
1–5 years 3 (9%)
6–10 years 8 (23%)
11–15 years 10 (29%)
15–20 years 6 (17%)
>21 years 7 (20%)
Institution typeb Academic medical center 27 (77%)
Community-based health system 11 (31%)
Veteran’s Health Administration 2 (6%)
Other 2 (6%)
Clinical setting(s)b Ambulatory palliative care 20 (57%)
Home-based palliative care 4 (11%)
Inpatient palliative care 28 (80%)
Nursing home or long-term care facility palliative care 2 (6%)
Hospice 8 (23%)
Other 1 (3%)
Nonclinical role(s)b Administration/leadership 18 (51%)
Fellowship program director 13 (37%)
Other educational role 16 (46%)
Research 7 (20%)
Other 2 (6%)
Geographic region (N = 34) Northeast 13 (37%)
Southeast 3 (9%)
Southwest 3 (9%)
West 6 (17%)
Midwest 9 (26%)
Geographic setting(s) Urban 23 (66%)
Suburban 4 (11%)
Rural 3 (9%)
Other or mixed 5 (14%)
a

One respondent did not fill out demographic information.

b

Respondents could select more than one category, so percentages may exceed 100.