Table 1.
Composition of fatty acids in traditional and novel oil crops.
| Common name | Latin name | Familia | Genus | Relative content of major fatty acids (%) | Special fatty acids | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C16:0 | C18:0 | C18:1Δ9 | C18:2Δ9,12 | C18:3Δ9,12,15 | |||||
| Maize a | Zea mays L. | Poaceae | Zea | 12.3 | 1.9 | 27.7 | 56.1 | 1 | — |
| Soybean a | Glycine max L. | Fabaceae | Glycine | 10.8 | 3.9 | 23.9 | 52.1 | 7.8 | — |
| Sesame a | Sesamum indicum L. | Pedaliaceae | Sesamum | 7.83 | 5.41 | 27.22 | 48.99 | 0.01 | C17:0; C17:1 |
| Peanut a | Arachis hypogaea L. | Fabaceae | Arachis | 10.04 | 2.92 | 47.08 | 32.29 | 1.8 | — |
| Sunflower a | Helianthus annuus L. | Asteraceae | Helianthus | 7.9 | 4.13 | 14.42 | 73.55 | 0 | — |
| Rapeseed a | Brassica napus L. | Brassicaceae | Brassica | 5.1 | 1.7 | 60.1 | 21.5 | 9.9 | — |
| Flax a | Linum usitatissimum L. | Linaceae | Linum | 6.1 | 3.4 | 18.4 | 16.8 | 55 | — |
| Tung tree b | Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw | Euphorbiaceae | Vernicia | 2.68 | 2.42 | 6.35 | 8.19 | 80.03 | C18:3,c9,t11,t13 |
| Perilya b | Perilla frutescens L. Britt. | Lamiaceae | Perilla | 7.32 | 1.89 | 2.77 | 10.54 | 77.58 | C17:0; C17:1 |
| Buglossoides arvensis b | Lithospermum arvense | Boraginaceae | Lithospermum | 5 | 2 | 11 | 14 | 57 | C18:4 |
| Tree peony b | Paeonia suffruticosa | Paeoniaceae | Paeonia | 5.7 | 2.2 | 20.8 | 24.6 | 45.2 | C17:0; C17:1 |
| Chinese tallow tree b | Sapium sebiferum L. Roxb. | Euphorbiaceae | Sapium | 7.08 | 2.17 | 14.2 | 30.3 | 43.5 | — |
| False flax b | Camelina sativa L. Crantz | Brassicaceae | Camelina | 5.04 | 2.15 | 15.65 | 18.88 | 38.15 | C20:1 |
| Sea buckthorn b | Hippophae rhamnoides L. | Elaeagnaceae | Hippophae | 27 | 1.4 | 21.7 | 15.7 | 8.8 | — |
| English walnut b | Juglans regia L. | Juglandaceae | Juglans | 4.6 | 0.9 | 17.8 | 73.4 | 3.3 | — |
| Chinese pistache b | Pistacia chinensis Bunge | Anacardiaceae | Pistacia | 18.55 | 0 | 47.59 | 32.35 | 0.98 | — |
| Olive oil b | Olea europaea L. | Oleaceae | Olea | 8.76 | 2.83 | 72.79 | 13.2 | 0.92 | — |
| Tea oil camellia b | Camellia oleifera Abel | Theaceae | Camellia | 11.7 | 1.8 | 75.1 | 10.5 | 0.9 | — |
| Yellow nutsedge b | Cyperus esculentus L. | Cyperaceae | Cyperus | 16.2 | 2.5 | 64.9 | 15.5 | 0.9 | — |
| Yellowhorn trees b | Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge | Xanthoceraceae | Xanthoceras | 5.3 | 1.92 | 30.69 | 42.44 | 0.41 | — |
| African oil palm b | Elaeis guineensis Jacq. | Arecaceae | Elaeis | 43.8 | 4.4 | 39.1 | 10.2 | 0.3 | — |
| Safflower b | Carthamus tinctorius L. | Asteraceae | Carthamus | 6.1 | 2.3 | 13.4 | 76 | 0.3 | C20:5 |
| Almonds with long stems b | Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. | Rosaceae | Amygdalus | 2.68 | 0.35 | 69.5 | 27.5 | 0.18 | — |
| Barbados Nut b | Jatropha curcas L. | Euphorbiaceae | Jatropha | 27 | 3.2 | 69 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Cotton b | Gossypium sp. | Malvaceae | Gossypium | 22.6 | 2.1 | 17.7 | 56.5 | 0 | — |
| Chinese windmill palm b | Trachycarpus fortunei H. Wendl. | Arecaceae | Trachycarpus | 11 | 4.4 | 15.9 | 2.8 | 0 | C12:0; C14:0 |
| Coconut palm b | Cocos nucifera L. | Arecaceae | Cocos | 4.2 | 3 | 11.9 | 3.5 | 0 | C10:0; C12:0 |
| Idesia b | Idesia polycarpa Maxim. | Salicaceae | Idesia | 8.4 | 3.48 | 5.85 | 80.11 | 0 | C18:3,c9,t11,t13 |
| Castor bean b | Ricinus communis L. | Euphorbiaceae | Ricinus | 1.1 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 0 | C18:1,12-OH-c9 |
a represents traditional oilseed crops, and b represents novel oilseed crops. Traditional oilseed crops refer to a category of plants that have been utilized by humans for an extended period. These crops possess a significant cultivation scale and contain high levels of fat in their seeds, which is extracted for use as edible oil or as raw materials for industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Novel oilseed crops refer to crop species that have been newly discovered or cultivated over the past decade. These species exhibit high oil content and are suitable for oil extraction. In addition to diversifying the range of oil crops, they also provide enhanced options and resources for the edible oil market.