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. 2025 Mar 7;22(2):222–232. doi: 10.1007/s10393-025-01707-z

Table 2.

Median and range concentrations of grouped PFASs in red blood cells (in ng/g) of red-necked stint (Calidris ruficollis), pacific black duck (Anas superciliosa) and grey teal (Anas gracilis), based on AIV serostatus of each individual.

Comp All samples Red-necked stint
Raw Log Raw Log AIV-seronegative n = 87 AIV-seropositive n = 34
% Pall Pall Pstint Pstint Med Range Med Range
ΣPFSAs 94.6 0.600 0.066 0.870 0.116 12.0 (< 0.01–423) 18.7 (< 0.01–282)
ΣPFCAs 90 0.845 0.272 0.994 0.115 8.0 (< 0.01–93.1) 4.69 (< 0.01–98.2)
ΣPFASs 97.5 0.609 0.132 0.887 0.125 24.0 (< 0.01–467) 22.3 (< 1.32–343)
Comp Pacific black duck Grey teal
Raw Log AIV-seronegative n = 29 AIV-seropositive n = 26 Raw Log AIV-seronegative n = 24 AIV-seropositive n = 35
Pduck Pduck Med Range Med Range Pteal Pteal Med Range Med Range
ΣPFSAs 0.801 0.561 17.5 (< 0.01–300) 40.7 (< 0.01–504) 0.374 0.503 34.9 (< 0.01–159) 40.2 (0.81–143)
ΣPFCAs 0.645 0.683 5.46 (< 0.01–70.4) 3.78 (< 0.01–73.5) 0.270 0.390 3.66 (< 0.01–23) 4.56 (< 0.01–23.3)
ΣPFASs 0.815 0.837 25.4 (< 0.01–373) 45.5 (< 0.01–599) 0.364 0.603 50.6 (0.3–205) 55.4 (1.2–174)

Where < 0.01 is noted, this means the concentration was below the limit of quantification. Emboldened and shaded p values indicate statistical significance between seropositive and seronegative individuals,, for models containing raw or log-transformed PFAS concentrations. Where a value is recorded as NA, this compound was not detected in the species. When p values were adjusted using a Benjamini–Hochberg correction, no significant effects of pollution on AIV serostatus were found.