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. 2002 Mar 19;99(6):3818–3823. doi: 10.1073/pnas.062605899

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Copyright © 2002, The National Academy of Sciences

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Progressive impairment of glucose homeostasis in Pdx-1^+/−/Hnf-3β^+/− and Pdx-1^+/−/Hnf-1α^+/− mice. IPGTT was performed in Wt (black, □), Hnf-1α^+/− (green, ○), Pdx-1^+/− (red, ⋄), Pdx-1^+/−/Hnf-1α^+/− (blue, ▵), and Pdx-1^+/−/Hnf-3β^+/− (purple,▿ ) littermates at 1, 3, and 4 months of age as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Significantly increased serum glucose concentrations were observed in male and female Pdx-1^+/−/Hnf-1α^+/− mice compared with Pdx-1^+/− at 1, 3, and 4 months, respectively. (B) The IPGTTs of Pdx-1^+/−/Hnf-3β^+/− mice were indistinguishable from those of Pdx-1^+/− littermates at 1 month but blood glucose levels increased in male and female mice after 3 months. A worsening of the phenotype was seen in all double heterozygous animals. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.005; ****, P ≤ 0.0001.