Table 2. Variables Included (X) and Excluded (0) in the Test and Control Conditions for Each Verbal Operant.

	Conditions
		Mand		Tact		Intraverbal		Echoic
Test	Control	Test	Control	Test	Control	Test	Control
Antecedent
Listener	X	0	X	0	X	X	X	0
Object restricted	X	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Object present	0	X	X	0	0	0	0	0
Object statement	0	0	0	0	X	0	0	0
Object spoken name	0	0	0	0	0	0	X	0
Consequence
Praise	0	0	X	0	X	0	X	0
Named object	X	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Note. “Listener” refers to the close proximity of therapist as well as other listener-related controlling stimuli.