Table 3.

Estimated Divergence Times of the O3-M122 Sublineages, with Use of Y-STR Data^[Note]

	Divergence Time(years ago)
O3-M122Sublineage	Upper Limit	Lower Limit	Mean ± SE
O3a_M324G	38,579	21,053	29,816±1,161
O3a5_M134Del	33,799	16,915	25,357±1,592
O3a4_M7G	36,759	19,875	28,317±4,030
O3a5a2_M117Del	37,398	22,217	29,807±1,613

Note.— The divergence times were estimated in accordance with the method of T_D (Zhivotovsky 2001; Zhivotovsky et al. ²⁰⁰⁴). The upper limit was determined with the assumption that V₀=0 (Rootsi et al. 2004). The lower limit was determined with the assumption that V₀=Va, where Va is the value of within-population variance in the ancestral populations.