Figure 1.

APPL1 transgene expression in the brain. A, Representative Western blot comparing APPL1 expression in various brain regions (CTX, cortex; HIP, hippocampus; CBL, cerebellum; RB, remaining brain) from 4- to 5-month-old nontransgenic littermate (non-Tg) and Thy1-APPL1 transgenic (Thy1-APPL1) mice. Overexpressed flag-tagged APPL1 proteins were detected in all brain regions in Thy1-APPL1 mice. B, Representative brain section immunolabeling with an anti-APPL1 antibody at low magnification (scale bar, 1 mm) demonstrates the APPL1 overexpression patterns in various brain regions of Thy1-APPL1 mice. C, Representative immunofluorescent images at low (40×) and high (120×) magnification show APPL1 (green) and NeuN (red) with DAPI (blue) staining in cortex layer V (scale bar, 10 µm; yellow arrows indicate neurons, white arrowheads identify non-neuronal cells; genotype as indicated). D, Western blots probed with anti-APPL1 and anti-rab5 antibodies of both non-Tg and Thy1-APPL1 brain homogenate prepared from mice of the indicated ages. E, Western blot analysis quantification showing increased APPL1 in the brain homogenates of Thy1-APPL1 mice compared with non-Tg mice at the indicated ages. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, two-tailed, unpaired t test. Data shown as mean ± SEM.