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. 2025 Jun 26;11:101127. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101127

Table 2.

Data sources.

Name Domain Labels Data quantity Available at Pyrfume
FooDB (FooDB) Odor/taste Various 70,926 www.foodb.ca N
Flavornet (Arn and Acree, 1998) Odor/taste Various 738 https://www.flavornet.org/ Y
Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients (Burdock, 2009) Odor/taste Various 1107 Book N
FlavorDB (Garg et al., 2018) Odor/taste Various 25,595 https://cosylab.iiitd.edu.in/flavordb2/ Y
PungentDB (Chen et al., 2024a) Odor/taste Pungent, various 205 http://www.pungentdb.org.cn/home N
SuperScent (Dunkel et al., 2009) Odor Various 2147 Unavailable N
OlfactionBase (Sharma et al., 2021a) Odor 106 primary odors, 572 sub-odor types 5109 https://olfab.iiita.ac.in/olfactionbase/ Y
GoodScents (The Good Scents Company - Flavor et al.) Odor Various 4565 http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/ Y
Leffingwell (Database of Perfumery Materials & Performance) Odor Various 3522 http://www.leffingwell.com/flavbase.htm Y
AromaDB (Kumar et al., 2018) Odor 357 odors 1321 https://bioinfo.cimap.res.in/aromadb/ Y
Perfume and flavor chemicals: (aroma chemicals), Vol 2 (Arctander, 1969) Odor Various 3102 Book Y
Atlas of odor character profiles (Dravnieks, 1992) Odor Various 138 Book Y
IFRA Fragrance Ingredient Glossary (The International Fragrance Association) Odor Various 1060 https://ifrafragrance.org/priorities/ingredients/glossary Y
Sigma-Aldrich (SAFC, 2014) Odor Various 1145 https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/products/chemistry-and-biochemicals/flavors-and-fragrances Y
BitterDB (Wiener et al., 2012) Taste Bitter 1041 https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/47/D1/D1179/5144134?login=true N
ChemTasteDB (Rojas et al., 2022) Taste Sweet, bitter, umami sour, salty, tasteless, non-sweet, multitaste and miscellaneous 2944 https://zenodo.org/records/5747393 N
SuperSweet (Ahmed et al., 2011) Taste Sweet 21,980 Unavailable N
BIOPEP database of sensory peptides and amino acids (Minkiewicz et al., 2019) Taste Bitter, sour, sweet, salty, umami, bitter-suppressing, sour-suppressing, astringent 582 https://biochemia.uwm.edu.pl/biopep-uwm/ N
UMP442 (Charoenkwan et al., 2020b) Taste Umami, non-umami 442 https://github.com/Shoombuatong/Dataset-Code/tree/master/iUmami N
BTP640 (Charoenkwan et al., 2020a) Taste Bitter, not bitter 640 https://github.com/Shoombuatong/Dataset-Code/tree/master/iBitter N
SweetpredDB (Goel et al., 2023) Taste Relative sweetness 671 https://github.com/cosylabiiit/SweetpredDB N
PlantMolecularTasteDB: A Database of Taste Active Phytochemicals (Gradinaru et al., 2022) Taste Bitter, sweet, sour, salty, umami, pungent, astringent 1527 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8789873/ N
UMP789 (Zhang et al., 2023) Taste Umami, non-umami 789 https://github.com/katouMegumiH/Umami.github.io/tree/main N
UMP499 (Qi et al., 2023) Taste Umami, non-umami 499 https://github.com/daibiaoxuwu/umamiMRNN_datasets N
SweetnersDB (Chéron et al., 2017b) Taste Relative sweetness 316 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814616317964#s0055 N
Carp TPA (Cao et al., 2023) Texture Springiness, cohesiveness, resilience, hardness, brittleness, adhesiveness, chewiness 387 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/17/3154 N
Plant-based meats TPA (Kircali Ata et al., 2023) Texture Hardness, chewiness 54 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/344#app1-foods-12-00344 N
Non-fat yogurt TPA (Batista et al., 2021) Texture Firmness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, gumminess 13 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960308521000043 N

A list of taste, odor, flavor, and texture data sources, including their size, availability, and whether they are catalogued in the Pyrfume Project.