Table 3.
Caregiver outcomes
|
Variable |
AD dementia severity |
p Value1 |
Overall population |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Moderate | Moderately severe/severe | |||
| No. of caregivers | 29 | 80 | 89 | 198 | |
| Caregiver burden and quality of life | |||||
| Total NPI-12 caregiver distress score | 9.4 (6.5; 12.2) | 11.9 (10.0; 13.7) | 14.3 (12.1; 16.5) | 0.033 | 12.6 (11.3; 13.9) |
| ZBI total score | 26.8 (21.1; 32.4) | 29.4 (25.9; 32.8) | 33.0 (29.3; 36.7) | 0.143 | 30.6 (28.3; 32.9) |
| Response to ZBI question: Overall, how burdened do you feel in caring for your relative? | 1.2 (0.83; 1.53) | 1.0 (0.76; 1.26) | 1.5 (1.23; 1.72) | 0.025 | 1.2 (1.09; 1.40) |
| EQ-5D country-specific index score | 0.87 (0.84; 0.90) | 0.90 (0.88; 0.93) | 0.86 (0.84; 0.89) | 0.044 | 0.88 (0.86; 0.89) |
| EQ-VAS | 68.5 (61.0; 76.0) | 73.5 (69.8; 77.3) | 72.7 (68.9; 76.5) | 0.422 | 72.4 (69.9; 74.9) |
| Caregiver work variables and resource use | |||||
| Caregivers working for pay, n (%) | 9 (32.1) | 32 (40.0) | 32 (36.8) | 0.751 | 73 (37.4) |
| Caregivers not working and reasons, n (%) | 19 (67.9) | 48 (60.0) | 55 (63.2) | 0.263 | 122 (62.6) |
| Never worked | 4 (21.1) | 15 (31.3) | 7 (12.7) | 26 (21.3) | |
| Retirement age | 12 (63.2) | 26 (54.2) | 34 (61.8) | 72 (59.0) | |
| Other2 | 3 (15.8) | 7 (14.6) | 14 (25.5) | 24 (19.7) | |
| Work loss, if caregiver is working, hours/month3 | 15.8 (−11.1; 42.7) | 47.8 (23.1; 72.5) | 37.0 (17.8; 56.2) | 0.457 | 40.4 (26.4; 54.3) |
| No. of missed working days in last month (for working caregivers) | 2.1 (0.4; 3.9) | 2.6 (0.7; 4.6) | 3.3 (1.4; 5.2) | 0.787 | 2.9 (1.7; 4.0) |
| Caregivers paid to care for patient, if applicable, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 5 (15.6) | 6 (18.8) | 0.852 | 12 (16.4) |
| Amount of time caregiver paid to care for patient, if applicable (hours/week) | 3.0 (−; −)4 | 11.2 (−8.8; 31.2) | 10.5 (−0.3; 21.3) | 0.851 | 10.2 (2.4; 17.9) |
| No. of outpatient visits (including GP visits) in previous month | 1.6 (0.2; 2.9) | 0.9 (0.4; 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6; 1.5) | 0.062 | 1.1 (0.7; 1.4) |
AD=Alzheimer's disease; ANOVA=analysis of variance; EQ-5D=EuroQoL-5D; EQ-VAS=EQ-5D visual analogue scale; GP=general practitioner; MMSE=Mini-Mental State Examination; ZBI=Zarit burden interview. Data are presented as means (95% confidence intervals) unless otherwise indicated for the total population of each severity group with available data (0-90% missing). 1p Value for comparison between AD dementia severity groups (ANOVA for continuous variables and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for categorical variables). 2‘Other’ category included early retirement, being laid off, health problems and to care for patient. 3Based on reported number of hours lost per week in last month prior to baseline visit by caregivers who were working. 4As n=1 for this parameter, no confidence interval is presented. ‘Mild’ AD dementia severity = MMSE score of 21-26 points; ‘moderate’ AD dementia severity = MMSE score of 15-20 points; ‘moderately severe/severe’ AD dementia severity = MMSE score of <15 points. Increased burden is indicated by higher ZBI scores; reduced quality of life is indicated by lower scores for EQ-5D.