Dominant-negative effects of IRAK-4 mutants and reconstitution
experiments in IRAK-1-deficient 293 cells. (A)
Inhibition of IL-1-induced NF-κB activation. The 293RI cells were
transfected with an NF-κB-dependent ELAM-luc reporter gene construct,
pRSVβgal for normalization, and the indicated amounts of
kinase-inactive IRAK-4 (IRAK-4 KK213AA) and truncated IRAK-4 (amino
acids 1–191). Twenty-four hours after transfection, cells were
stimulated with 50 ng/ml of IL-1β or 100 ng/ml of tumor necrosis
factor α for 6 h, and luciferase and β-galactosidase activity
were determined. The y axis represents the percentage of
NF-κB activation relative to cells transfected with empty vector.
(B) Reconstitution of IL-1 response in 293I1A.
IRAK-1-deficient 293 cells [293I1A(16)] were transfected and
stimulated as described for Fig. 4A. The
y axis represents the fold of NF-κB activation
relative to cells transfected with empty vector. (C)
Inhibition of IL-1-induced IRAK-1 activation. The 293RI cells were
transfected with control vector, kinase-inactive IKKβ (negative
control), or kinase-inactive IRAK-4 for 24 h. After stimulation
with 100 ng/ml of IL-1β for the indicated amount of time, the cells
were lysed, and IRAK-1 was immunoprecipitated with the mAb 2A9. The
activation level of IRAK-1 was assessed by determining the shift in
apparent molecular weight and subsequent degradation of IRAK-1 by
Western blotting (Inset). The signal intensity was
quantified by densitometry and plotted as a function of incubation
time.