Table 1.

List of the commonly used organoid fabrication techniques for generating brain organoids.

Sl. No.	References	Type of organoid fabrication techniques	Type of 3D matrices
1	Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Lancaster et al. 2013 (Lancaster et al., 2013)	Self-Assembly of Neural Organoids	Matrigel®
2	Organogenesis in a dish: Modeling development and disease using organoid technologies. Lancaster et al. 2014 (Lancaster and Knoblich, 2014)	Self-Assembly of Neural Organoids	Matrigel®
3	Generation of cerebral organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Lancaster et al. 2014 (Lancaster and Knoblich, 2014)	Self-Assembly of Neural Organoids	Matrigel®
4	Self-organization of axial polarity, inside-out layer pattern, and species-specific progenitor dynamics in human ES cell-derived neocortex. Kadoshima et al. 2013 (Kadoshima et al., 2013)	Self-Assembly of Neural Organoids	Matrigel®
	Engineering induction of singular neural rosette emergence within hPSC-derived tissues. Knight et al. 2018 (Knight et al., 2018)	Guided Assembly of Neural Organoids	PEG Substrate
6	Self-organization of human embryonic stem cells on micropatterns. Deglincerti et al. 2016 (Deglincerti et al., 2016)	Guided Assembly of Neural Organoids	PEG Substrate
7	Human neural tube morphogenesis in vitro by geometric constraints. Karzbrun et al. 2021 (Karzbrun et al., 2021)	Guided Assembly of Neural Organoids	Matrigel®
8	Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived planar neural organoids assembled on synthetic hydrogels. Majumdet et al. 2024 (Majumder et al., 2024)	Guided Assembly of Neural Organoids	PEG Substrate
9	3D bioprinting of human neural tissues with functional connectivity. Yan et al. 2024 (Yan et al., 2024)	Bio-printing of Neural Organoids	Matrigel®
10	A 3D bioprinted cortical organoid platform for modeling human brain development. Cadena et al. 2024 (Cadena et al., 2024)	Bio-printing of Neural Organoids	Matrigel®