Table 4:

Comorbidity Profile and Cumulative Incidence Associated Risk in Patients with IIH.

Comorbidity	Cases (n=50,214)	Baseline Prevalence (%) (95% CI)	Cumulative Incidence† (%) (95% CI)
Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders:
Hyperlipidemia	2,352	4.68 (4.50–4.86)	18.20 (17.54–18.86)
PCOS*	1,679	3.34 (3.19–3.49)	13.23 (12.64–13.82)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1,398	2.78 (2.64–2.92)	7.99 (7.58–8.40)
Metabolic Syndrome	326	0.65 (0.58–0.72)	3.50 (3.13–3.87)
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disorders:
MASLD**	718	1.43 (1.33–1.53)	5.30 (4.92–5.68)
IBS***	927	1.85 (1.73–1.97)	6.05 (5.67–6.43)
Cardiovascular Disorders:
Cardiovascular Disease	386	0.77 (0.69–0.85)	2.31 (2.08–2.54)
Ischemic Stroke/TIA	249	0.50 (0.44–0.56)	0.96 (0.84–1.08)
Heart Failure	164	0.33 (0.28–0.38)	1.18 (1.00–1.36)
Renal Disorders:
Chronic Kidney Disease	233	0.46 (0.40–0.52)	2.05 (1.79–2.31)

Notes: Values are presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses.

^†Cumulative incidence calculated at the end of the follow-up period (median follow-up: 8.3 years).

^*PCOS: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome;

^**MASLD: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease;

^***IBS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack