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. 2025 Jul 9;16:1548710. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1548710

TABLE 2.

Cost inputs and utilities.

Variable Baseline value (range) References Distribution (parameters)
Body surface area, m2 1.72 Chen X. et al. (2019)
Drug cost, $/cycle
Sintilimab 303.85 (243.08–364.62) Local charge Gamma
Gemcitabine 9.63 (7.7–11.56) Local charge Gamma
Cisplatin 11.61 (9.29–13.93) Local charge Gamma
Concurrent cisplatin 15.84 (12.38–18.57) Local charge Gamma
Antiemetic drugs 65.55 (52.44–78.66) Local charge Gamma
Radiotherapy 9,633.84 (7,707.07–11560.61) Local charge Gamma
Preparation of radiotherapy 681.52 (545.22–817.83) Local charge Gamma
Main subsequent therapy, $/cycle
Chemotherapy 35.29 (28.23–42.35) Local charge Gamma
Immunotherapy 417.47 (333.98–500.96) Local charge Gamma
Surgery 4,635.85 (3,708.68–5,563.02) Local charge Gamma
2nd radiotherapy 5,081.44 (4,065.15–6,097.73) Local charge Gamma
Targeted therapy 558.32 (446.66–669.98) Local charge Gamma
Supported care 52.5 (42–63) Local charge Gamma
Subsequent therapy in Sintilimab group 300.02 (240.02–360.02) Local charge Gamma
Subsequent therapy in standard therapy group 540.6 (432.48–648.72) Local charge Gamma
Expenditures on main adverse events, $
Anaemia 508.2 (406.56–609.84) Wu et al. (2018) Gamma
Leukopenia 406.37 (325.10–487.64) Shi et al. (2018) Gamma
Nausea 44.3 (35.44–53.16) Wu et al. (2012) Gamma
Mucositis 19.94 (15.95–23.93) Local charge Gamma
Anorexia 26 (20.8–31.2) Local charge Gamma
Neutropenia 406.37 (325.10–487.64) Local charge Gamma
Dermatitis 16.64 (13.31–19.97) Local charge Gamma
Fatigue 110.3 (88.24–132.36) Wu et al. (2018) Gamma
Vomiting 44.3 (35.44–53.16) Wu et al. (2012) Gamma
Rash 59.57 (47.66–71.48) Local charge Gamma
Hospitalization $/per cycle 126.78 (101.43–152.14) Local charge Gamma
Laboratory $/per cycle 74.85 (59.88–89.82) Local charge Gamma
Follow-up test $/per time 378.12 (302.5–453.74) Local charge Gamma
PICC per time 134.15 (107.32–160.98) Local charge Gamma
Discount rate 0.05 Wu et al. (2018) -
Utility -
Utility EFS 0.76 (0.61–0.91) She et al. (2022) Beta
Utility PD 0.57 (0.46–0.68) She et al. (2022) Beta
Death 0 She et al. (2022) Beta

Abbreviation: EFS, Event-free survival; PD, progressive disease; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheters.