Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with comorbidities categorized by the number of comorbidities
| < 3 comorbidities (n = 21) | ≥ 3 comorbidities (n = 15) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 47.14 ± 14.13 | 62.80 ± 12.44 | 0.002** |
| 18–45 years, No. (%) | 10 (47.62) | 1 (6.67) | |
| 45–64 years, No. (%) | 8 (38.10) | 6 (40.00) | |
| ≥ 65 years, No. (%) | 3 (14.29) | 8 (53.33) | |
| Sex, male, No. (%) | 9 (42.86) | 8 (53.33) | 0.535 |
| 6MWD (m) | 354.70 ± 112.60 | 262.36 ± 125.85 | 0.032* |
| WHO-FC | 0.204 | ||
| I/II, No. (%) | 10 (47.62) | 4 (26.67) | |
| III/IV, No. (%) | 11 (52.38) | 11 (73.33) | |
| Risk assessment | 0.102 | ||
| Low risk, No. (%) | 6 (28.57) | 1 (6.67) | |
| Non-low-risk, No. (%) | 15 (71.43) | 14 (93.33) | |
| RHC | |||
| mPAP (mmHg) | 47.67 (39.50, 57.50) | 40.00 (33.33, 45.33) | 0.123 |
| PAWP (mmHg) | 8.28 ± 2.82 | 8.15 ± 2.38 | 0.899 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 2.46 ± 0.71 | 2.24 ± 0.58 | 0.350 |
| PVR (dyn·s·cm−5) | 770.63 (388.46, 1087.92) | 698.10 (498.10, 1217.24) | 0.873 |
| SvO2 (%) | 62.60 (55.33, 67.78) | 59.60 (52.63, 63.38) | 0.386 |
| Transthoracic echocardiography | |||
| RA diameter (mm) | 45.29 ± 8.47 | 41.82 ± 5.78 | 0.245 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 74.70 ± 21.51 | 78.33 ± 31.33 | 0.687 |
| TRVmax (cm/s) | 415.80 ± 62.51 | 404.53 ± 94.70 | 0.674 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 14.75 ± 2.63 | 15.67 ± 3.68 | 0.396 |
| TAPSE/sPAP(mm/mmHg) | 0.21 (0.16, 0.25) | 0.20 (0.14, 0.31) | 0.862 |
| Inspiratory collapse rate of inferior vena cava ≥ 50%, No. (%) | 11 (73.33) | 6 (66.67) | 0.728 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 224.50 (68.25, 563.00) | 373.00 (63.50, 635.00) | 0.709 |
| Pulmonary function tests | |||
| FEV1 predicted % | 79.22 ± 21.15 | 74.65 ± 17.61 | 0.532 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 74.18 ± 15.50 | 70.67 ± 7.39 | 0.475 |
| DLCO SB (%) | 50.65 (32.63, 75.05) | 21.80 (16.13, 30.80) | 0.006** |
| DLCO/VA (%) | 62.95 (35.13, 78.40) | 31.30 (26.48, 38.65) | 0.010* |
| Arterial blood gas analysis | |||
| Oxygenation Index (mmHg) | 331.94 ± 56.16 | 291.02 ± 52.03 | 0.033* |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 36.10 (30.25, 38.15) | 31.90 (30.10, 36.10) | 0.105 |
| SaO2 (%) | 94.40 (89.00, 95.90) | 90.20 (85.00, 92.50) | 0.010* |
| PAH-targeted therapy | |||
| Monotherapy, No. (%) | 9 (42.86) | 9 (60.00) | 0.310 |
| Dual-combination therapy, No. (%) | 8 (38.10) | 2 (13.33) | 0.102 |
| Triple-combination therapy, No. (%) | 2 (9.52) | 2 (13.33) | 0.720 |
| CCB, No. (%) | 1 (4.76) | 1 (6.67) | 0.806 |
6MWD 6-minute walking distance, WHO-FC World Health Organization functional class, RHC Right heart catheterization, mPAP mean pulmonary arterial pressure, CI Cardiac index, PVR Pulmonary vascular resistance, SvO2 mixed venous oxygen saturation, RA Right atrium, TRV Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, TAPSE Tircuspid annular plane systolic excursion, sPAP systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, BNP Brain natriuretic peptide, FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC Forced vital capacity, DLCO SB Single breath diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide, DLCO/VA Diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide divided by the alveolar volume, PaCO2 Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, SaO2 arterial oxygen saturation, ERA Endothelin receptor antagonist, PDE5i Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, PCA Prostacyclin analogue, CCB Calcium channel blocker
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01