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. 2025 Jul 23;11(30):eady2862. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ady2862

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of composites fabrication procedures for bone regeneration with metabolic effect and involved signaling pathways.

Fig. 1.

Figure created in BioRender [https://BioRender.com/tciloza; Hui Xu (2025)]. CaMMKβ, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; AMPK, and adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase; ACO2, aconitase 2. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH, reduced form of NAD+; CoA, coenzyme A; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide; ADP, adenosine diphosphate.