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. 2025 Jul 23;11(30):eady2862. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ady2862

Fig. 7. In vitro bioactivity evaluation of BPLP-Gln-Mg materials.

Fig. 7.

(A to C) Release of citrate, glutamine, and magnesium from BPLP-0.3Gln-Mg and BPLP-0.5Gln-Mg films over time. n = 3. (D) SEM images and EDS analysis of calcium nodule formation on day 21 of hBM-MSCs osteogenic differentiation on various composites. Right images are zoom-in of the yellow rectangles on the left accordingly. Scale bars, 50 μm (left) and 20 μm (right). (E) EDS quantification of corresponding composites on day 21 of hBM-MSCs osteogenic differentiation. (F) ALP activity on day 7 of hBM-MSCs osteogenic differentiation on various composites. Data are average ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0005, ****P < 0.0001. n = 4. (G) Osteogenic mRNA expression of Spp1, Alpl, and Col1a1 on day 7 in hBM-MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation on various composites. Data are average ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0005, ****P < 0.0001, n = 3. (H) SEM images of Raw 264.7 cells on POC, BPLP-0.3Gln-Mg and BPLP-0.5Gln-Mg composites. Scale bar, 50 μm. Representative M1 and M2 morphology is highlighted in yellow and magenta, respectively. (I) IL-10 release of Raw 264.7 cells grown for 3 days on POC, BPLP-0.3Gln-Mg and BPLP-0.5Gln-Mg composites. Data are average ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0005, ****P < 0.0001. n = 3.