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. 2025 Jul 9;9(3):23. doi: 10.3390/epigenomes9030023
3′ UTR 3′ untranslated regions
5,10-MTHF 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
ACC1 Acetyl-coa Carboxylase 1
Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-coenzyme a
ALKBH5 Alkb homolog 5
AMPK AMP-activated Protein Kinase
ARE Antioxidant response element
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
BHMT Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
CBP CREB-binding protein
CBS Cystathionine β-synthase
CpG Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine
DNMT DNA methyltransferase
dTMP Deoxythymidine 5′-monophosphate
dUMP Deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate
EGCG Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
FADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FOXO Forkhead box O
FTO Fat mass and obesity-associated protein
H3K18Ac Histone h3 lysine 18 acetylation
HAT Histone acetyltransferase
HCY Homocysteine
HDAC Histone deacetylase
HMT Histone methyltransferases
JHDM Jumonji C-domain-containing histone demethylases
LINE-1 Long interspersed nuclear element-1
m6A N6-methyladenosine
METTL Methyltransferase-like
MS Methionine synthase
MTHFR Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
mTOR Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin
NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
ncRNAs Non-coding rnas
NF-kB Nuclear factor kappa b
NMN Nicotinamide mononucleotide
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
rDNA Ribosomal DNA
ROS Reactive oxygen species
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
SAH S-adenosylhomocysteine
SAM S-adenosylmethionine
SIRT Sirtuin
SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism
TCA Tricarboxylic acid cycle
TET Ten-eleven Translocation