AV	Audiovisual
IST	Illustrated Sentence Test
WM	Working memory
PS	Processing speed
CAVET	Children’s Audio-visual Enhancement Test
Tri-BAS	3 × 3 Build-A-Sentence
CUNY	City University of New York
Ess	English speakers
JSs	Japanese speakers
SLI	Specific language impairments
SNRs	Signal-to-noise ratios
SSN	Speech-shaped noise
MEG	Magnetoencephalography
EEG	Electroencephalography
fNIRS	functional Near-infrared spectroscopy
TVSA	Temporal visual speech area