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. 2025 Jul 23;15:26732. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11072-0

Table 3.

Performance comparison of different approaches on four datasets.

PEMS03 PEMS04 PEMS07 PEMS08
RMSE MAE MAPE RMSE MAE MAPE RMSE MAE MAPE RMSE MAE MAPE
STG-NCDE 27.09 15.57 15.06 31.09 19.21 12.76 33.84 20.53 8.80 24.81 15.45 9.92
ST-aware 26.63 15.17 15.83 31.02 19.06 12.52 34.05 20.74 8.77 24.62 15.41 9.94
DSTAGNN 27.21 15.57 14.68 31.46 19.30 12.70 34.51 21.42 9.01 24.77 15.67 9.94
Auto-DSTSGN 25.17 14.59 14.22 30.48 18.85 13.21 33.02 20.08 8.57 23.76 14.74 9.45
PDFormer 25.39 14.94 15.82 29.97 18.32 12.10 32.87 19.83 8.53 23.51 13.58 9.05
STGSA 27.89 15.36 14.45 31.30 19.32 12.90 34.30 20.80 8.86 24.28 15.26 9.81
ISTNet 25.14 15.12 15.43 30.46 18.54 12.52 33.06 19.79 8.77 23.39 14.13 9.43
DeepSTUQ 26.77 15.13 14.03 31.68 19.11 12.71 33.71 20.36 8.63 24.60 15.44 10.06
STJGCN 25.70 14.92 14.81 30.35 18.81 11.92 33.01 19.95 8.31 23.74 14.53 9.15
DEC-Former 23.55 14.33 14.27 29.24 18.23 12.04 33.04 19.48 8.54 23.06 13.23 9.12
STD-MAE 24.43 13.80 13.96 29.25 17.80 11.97 31.44 18.65 7.84 22.47 13.44 8.76
STGMS 22.22 12.87 13.17 24.48 14.89 10.86 24.09 14.61 6.78 17.52 10.87 7.61
Improved(%) 9.05 6.75 5.66 16.28 16.35 8.89 23.38 21.66 13.52 22.03 17.84 13.13