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. 2025 Jul 24;66(1):2402303. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02303-2024

TABLE 2.

Distribution of real-world gait digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) in 549 people with COPD

Definition Mean±sd Minimum–maximum
Gait pace
 Walking speed in shorter (10–30 s) WBs (m·s−1) The distance covered by the whole body per second, assessed in WBs between 10 and 30 s 0.67±0.07 0.46–0.88
 Walking speed in longer (>30 s) WBs (m·s−1) The distance covered by the whole body per second, assessed in WBs longer than 30 s 0.83±0.12 0.48–1.20
 Maximum walking speed in WBs >10 s (m·s−1) The maximum (P90) distance covered by the whole body per second, assessed in WBs of more than 10 s 0.90±0.13 0.55–1.27
 Maximum walking speed in longer (>30 s) WBs  (m·s−1) The maximum (P90) distance covered by the whole body per second, assessed in WBs of more than 30 s 0.99±0.18 0.54–1.47
 Stride length in shorter (10–30 s) WBs (cm) Length of two consecutive steps, assessed during WBs between 10 and 30 s 91±9 60–117
 Stride length in longer (>30 s) WBs (cm) Length of two consecutive steps, assessed during WBs longer than 30 s 106±12 68–146
Gait rhythm
 Cadence in all WBs (steps·min−1) Step frequency during a period of time (mins), calculated in all WBs 85±4 74–97
 Cadence in longer (>30 s) WBs (steps·min−1) Step frequency during a period of time (mins), calculated in WBs longer than 30 s 91±7 70–111
 Maximum cadence in longer (>30 s) WBs  (steps·min−1) Maximum (P90) step frequency during a period of time (mins), calculated using WBs longer than 30 s 100±9 73–124
 Stride duration in all WBs (s) Time elapsed between the initial contacts of two consecutive footfalls of the same foot, assessed in all walking WBs 1.30±0.06 1.06–1.49
 Stride duration in longer (>30 s) WBs (s) Time elapsed between the initial contacts of two consecutive footfalls of the same foot, assessed in WBs longer than 30 s 1.26±0.09 0.95–1.57
Gait bout-to-bout variability
 Walking speed bout-to-bout variability in longer   (>30 s) WBs (%) Bout-to-bout variability of walking speed, assessed in WBs of more than 30 s 17±5 2–37
 Stride length bout-to-bout variability between  longer (>30 s) WBs (%) Bout-to-bout variability of stride length, assessed in WBs of more than 30 s 12±4 2–27
 Cadence bout-to-bout variability (%) Bout-to-bout variability of cadence, assessed in all WBs 12±1 8–17
 Stride duration bout-to-bout variability (%) Bout-to-bout variability of stride duration, assessed in WBs 14±2 9–26

Based on Kluge et al. [24], a walking bout (WB) is a walking sequence containing at least two consecutive strides of both feet (e.g. R-L-R-L-R-L or L-R-L-R-L-R). Some variables had missing values: 4 in walking speed bout-to-bout variability in longer (>30 s) WBs, stride length bout-to-bout variability between longer (>30 s) WBs. P90: 90th percentile.