Table 3.
Mean ± SEM or median (range) joint outcomes for umbilical cord (UC) or control (C) for 8 horses/site
| Duration after injection (days) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Joint | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 21 |
| Circumference (cm) | C | 29.2 ± 0.5 | 29.8 ± 0.4 | 26.9 ± 1.1 | 27.2 ± 0.8 | 28.5 ± 0.8 | 29.6 ± 0.2 |
| UC | 29.9 ± 0.4 | 30.1 ± 0.3 | 28.2 ± 1.1 | 27.5 ± 0.8 | 28.6 ± 0.7 | 29.4 ± 0.4 | |
| Pain of flexion (0–4)1 | C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Lameness score (0–4)2 | C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Synovial fluid TNCC3 | C | 137.5 ± 18.3 | 1850a ± 594.3 | 714.3a ± 281.5 | 1,450a ± 979.1 | 312.5 ± 100.8 | 187.5 ± 39.8 |
| UC | 171.4 ± 28.6 | 21,237.5a,b ± 5,980.7 | 712.5a ± 344.8 | 1,237.5a ± 244.2 | 328.6 ± 74.7 | 212.5 ± 47.9 | |
| Synovial fluid total protein4 | C | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.7a ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 |
| UC | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 3.3a,b ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | |
|
Synovial fluid albumin4 |
C | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.0a ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0 | 0.9 ± 0 |
| UC | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6a,b ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0 | 0.9 ± 0 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | |
|
Synovial fluid globulin5 |
C | 0.5 ± 0 | 1.1a ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| UC | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 1.3a ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | |
|
Synovial fluid PMN (%)6 |
C | 9.0 ± 7.2 | 52.6a ± 13.9 | 16.0a ± 9.6 | 16.1a ± 5.8 | 9.3 ± 4.3 | 2.8 ± 0.9 |
| UC | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 65.4a,b ± 6.3 | 18.6a ± 7.8 | 11.6a ± 6.8 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 1.4 |
Synovial Fluid Days 0,1,3 for the first four horses was not analyzed at the laboratory due to an error
1Pain scores: 0 = none, 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = marked
2Lameness classification: 0 = no lameness; 1 = intermittent lameness at trot; 2 = consistent lameness under special circumstances; 3 = consistent lameness at the trot; 4 = lameness at the walk; 5 = nonweight-bearing lameness
3TNCC = total nucleated cell count (cells/μL); normal range is < 1000 TNCC/μL
4Total protein values < 2.0 g/dL are within acceptable limits, however, typically are ≤ 1.5 g/dL in synovial fluid. Values ranging from 2.0 to 4.5 gm/dL reflect a transudate, and over 4.5 g/dL reflect an exudate
5Normal synovial fluid values for albumin are < 1.2 g/dL and for globulin are < 3.3 g/dL
5Normal PMN percentage is ≤ 10%
aSignificantly differs from baseline (P < 0.05)
bSignificantly differs between C and UC (P < 0.05)