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. 2025 Jul 23;23:439. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04231-7

Table 5.

Mean ± SEM cytokine concentration (pg/mL) in synovial fluid

Duration after injection (days)
Cytokine Joint 0 1 3 5 10 21
IFNg C 426.6 ± 245.1 607 ± 421.6 661 ± 455.2 548.6 ± 308.3 600 ± 397.9 507.1 ± 343.2
UC 207.1 ± 41.4 515.4 ± 305.6 349.3 ± 133.7 292.8 ± 102.8 313.5 ± 92.1 307.8 ± 57.2
IL-1a C 947 ± 78.7 1015.5 ± 106.9 1119.9 ± 103.5 1168.3 ± 201.2 1160.6 ± 226.9 1266.9 ± 170.8
UC 973.7 ± 118.9 969.7 ± 130.2 1114.9 ± 172.4 969.9 ± 78.6 1106.5 ± 185.8 1086.5 ± 158.8
IL-1ra C 657.6 ± 225.1 8785.7 ± 2567.3 1767.6 ± 332.9 1294.1 ± 293.9 829.8 ± 322.2 687.9 ± 305.2
UC 437.8 ± 72.4 15,635.2 ± 5565.6 1625.6 ± 332.3 2418.1 ± 1260.6 729.9 ± 141.9 525.6 ± 91.9
IL-1ra/IL-1a C 0.7 ± 0.2 10.1 ± 3.6 1.6 ± 0.2 1.2 ± 0.3 0.6 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.1
UC 0.5 ± 0.1 16.4 ± 4.3 1.9 ± 0.5 3.2 ± 2.0 0.7 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.1
IL-2 C 1089.1 ± 116.3 1218.3 ± 201.3 1483.4 ± 254.3 1711.5 ± 337.5 1500.9 ± 282.4 1270.5 ± 202.5
UC 1072.9 ± 113.2 1125.8 ± 160.1 1317.6 ± 148.6 1295.6 ± 122.6 1501.6 ± 349.3 1250.5 ± 166.1
IL-4 C 272.4 ± 160.3 401.8 ± 290.0 477.3 ± 351.5 347.66 ± 199.7 309.4 ± 198.6 343.0 ± 247.0
UC 155.5 ± 47.9 339.1 ± 203.6 253.5 ± 133.7 191.9 ± 72.0 213.6 ± 75.1 203.5 ± 63.6
IL-8 C 867.5 ± 63.5 1099.3 ± 98.5 1046.9 ± 81.5 1483.8 ± 522.4 1484.8 ± 455.5 1150.4 ± 145.0
UC 872 ± 128.9 1169.8 ± 245.1 1439.1 ± 435.9 1131.3 ± 299.0 2934.6 ± 2061.1 1056.4 ± 162.8
IL-10 C 526.8 ± 166.8 824.7 ± 258.4 784.2 ± 334.8 764.8 ± 277.7 664.1 ± 297.8 643.8 ± 274.9
UC 411.3 ± 51.9 943.7 ± 266.0 546.3 ± 117.6 498.6 ± 83.3 515.0 ± 84.3 461.5 ± 61.4
IL-15 C 823.5 ± 104.1 959.8 ± 207.2 1169.8 ± 220.0 1294.4 ± 218.6 1192.4 ± 265.0 1049.6 ± 203.4
UC 759.8 ± 97.8 949.4 ± 194.0 1028.0 ± 142.1 1043.3 ± 107.9 1185.3 ± 238.6 938.3 ± 103.4
MCP-1 C 4874.9 ± 2119.5 10,265.3 ± 4536.8 7212.0 ± 3223.2 6810.6 ± 2438.1 4967.0 ± 1278.1 3629.6 ± 598.8
UC 5479.0 ± 2259.0 14,610.8 ± 4737.8 6471.8 ± 1933.9 7635.8 ± 2405.7 6312.1 ± 3016.4 3896.0 ± 1009.2
VEGF C 1608.5 ± 222.5 1617.9 ± 105.9 1630.2 ± 133.7 1583.4 ± 136.6 1747.3 ± 200.8 2001.3 ± 158.1
UC 1523.6 ± 259.9 1929.2 ± 252.7 1860.9 ± 197.3 1278.1 ± 116.3 1642.4 ± 281.5 1842.0 ± 238.0

Cytokine abbreviations are the same as Table 1

C control,

UC umbilical cord