Effect of PPase on tRNA aminoacylation by E. coli AlaRS. (A and B) Aminoacylation was performed at 1 μM YFA2 and 0.25 (▵), 2.5 (⋄), 25 (□), or 250 (○) nM AlaRS. Open symbols, no PPase added; closed symbols, in the presence of PPase. (C) Time course of YFA2 aminoacylation in the absence of PPase (○). Aminoacylation was performed at 100 nM AlaRS and 1 μM tRNA. After 10 min, 10 units/ml PPase (♦) or 100 nM AlaRS (□) were added.