Table 1.
MOGAD diagnostic criteria adapted from those proposed by the International MOGAD Panel [5••]
| (A) Core clinical demyelinating event | Optic neuritis | Monofocal or polyfocal cerebral deficits |
| Myelitis | Brainstem or cerebellar deficits | |
| Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Cerebral cortical encephalitis | |
| (B) Positive MOG-IgG cell-based assay | Serum | Clear positivea—no supporting features required |
| Low positivea—≥1 supporting feature required | ||
| Positive with no titera—≥1 supporting feature required | ||
| CSF | Positive but seronegative—≥1 supporting feature required | |
| Supporting clinical or MRI features | Optic neuritis | Bilateral simultaneous clinical involvement |
| Longitudinal optic nerve involvement (>50% of nerve length) | ||
| Perineural optic sheath enhancement | ||
| Optic disc edema | ||
| Myelitis | Longitudinally extensive myelitis (≥3 vertebral segments in length) | |
| Central cord lesion or H-sign | ||
| Conus lesion | ||
| Cerebral, brainstem, or cerebellar syndrome | Multiple ill-defined T2 hyperintense lesions in supratentorial and/or infratentorial white matter | |
| Deep gray matter involvement | ||
| Ill-defined T2-hyperintensity involving the pons, middle cerebellar peduncle, or medulla | ||
| Cortical lesion ± lesional or overlying meningeal enhancement | ||
| (C) Exclusion of better diagnoses including multiple sclerosis and AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD | ||
a
Assay-specific titer cutoffs are provided in the appendix of the International MOGAD Panel publication [5••]