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. 2025 May 19;89(2):603–613. doi: 10.1007/s12020-025-04236-5

Table 1.

Comparison of preoperative clinical features, shown as M (P25, P75)

By detection method By the diameter of adrenal nodules
Variables AVS group
(N = 66)
CXCR4 group (N = 23) F P Patients with nodules ≥1 cm
(N = 74)
Patients with nodules 5–10 mm
(N = 15)
F P
Age (year) 49.00 (40.75, 54.00) 45.00 (39.00, 51.00) 5.422 0.022* 48.00 (40.00, 53.00) 51.00 (40.00,59.00) 0.326 0.570
Sex (male, n (%)) 33 (50.00) 11 (47.82) 0.032 0.859 33 (44.59) 11 (78.57) 2.146 0.147
Body mass index (kg/m2) 23.88 (21.77, 27.39) 24.09 (19.57, 26.40) 0.314 0.577 23.95 (21.50, 27.06) 24.09 (22.21,24.09) 1.108 0.295
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)a 154.00 (140.50, 168.00) 145.00 (137.00, 155.00) 2.803 0.098 150.00 (139.75,163.25) 155.00 (139.00, 164.00) 0.709 0.402
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)a 101.00 (92.00, 111.25) 96.00 (94.00, 105.00) 1.471 0.228 99.00(93.00,108.25) 102.00 (92.00, 114.00) 0.034 0.854
History of hypokalaemia, n (%) 52 (78.78) 16 (69.56) 0.794 0.375 55 (74.32) 13(86.67) 1.043 0.310
History of hypertension, n (%) 59 (89.39) 21 (91.30) 0.067 0.796 68 (91.89) 12(80.00) 1.043 0.310
Maximum systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 170.00 (150.00, 190.00) 160.00 (150.00, 170.00) 0.640 0.426 170.00 (150.00, 187.75) 170.00 (145.00,180.00) 0.022 0.882
Maximum diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 100.00 (90.00, 110.00) 100.00 (93.75, 110.00) 0.405 0.526 100.00 (90.00, 110.00) 100.00 (97.00,110.00) 0.446 0.506
Antihypertensive drug DDDb 1.00 (0.80, 1.60) 1.00(1.00, 2.40) 1.952 0.166 1.00(1.00,1.65) 1.00 (1.00,2.20) 0.387 0.536
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) 4.50 (3.70, 5.30) 5.20 (3.50, 6.30) 2.596 0.111 4.50(3.50,5.97) 5.00 (3.80,5.60) 0.148 0.701
Serum creatinine (umol/L) 71.50 (58.25, 84.75) 78.00 (55.00, 94.00) 2.022 0.159 72.00(56.00,87.75) 80.00 (64.00, 88.00) 0.030 0.864
eGFR [ml/(min.1.73m2)] 97.74 (82.61, 109.23) 99.00 (84.06, 106.80) 0.650 0.422 98.32(81.59,109.11) 87.83 (84.79, 109.24) 0.417 0.520
Serum potassium (mmol/L) 3.48 (3.15, 3.85) 3.50(3.10, 3.86) 0.544 0.463 3.47(3.14,3.81) 3.79 (3.46,4.10) 2.760 0.101
DRC (mIU/L) 1.59 (0.78, 3.71) 1.87 (1.03, 4.05) 0.434 0.512 1.48 (0.78, 3.57) 2.11 (1.23,5.05) 0.101 0.752
PAC (ng/dl) 27.20 (18.48, 39.55) 24.70 (15.70, 62.20) 0.414 0.521 27.90 (18.27, 53.45) 21.60 (14.90,27.70) 1.575 0.213
ARR [(ng/dl)/(mIU/L)] 15.65 (7.15, 46.75) 17.69 (5.86, 35.64) 0.564 0.455 20.22(7.44, 46.75) 7.52(6.60,15.63) 1.742 0.190
PAC after CCT (ng/dl) 30.70 (19.00, 43.50) 19.60 (11.80, 54.90) 0.091 0.764 31.25(17.93,48.83) 22.00(15.80,30.10) 1.429 0.236
PAC after SSIT (ng/dl) 21.60 (13.80, 32.30) 16.80 (10.75, 40.20) 0.454 0.503 22.00(13.60,34.90) 20.95 (12.55, 24.05) 1.024 0.315
Bilateral adrenal involvement(Yes, n (%)) 16 (24.24) 6 (26.08) 0.536 0.466 19 (25.67) 3 (20.00) 0.212 0.647
Maximum diameter of adrenal nodules (mm) 14.00 (11.00, 16.00) 13.00 (11.00, 16.00) 0.001 0.982 14.50(12.00,17.00) 5.00(5.00,5.00) / /

Reference range of general parameters: urea nitrogen: 3.1–8.8 mmol/L; creatinine: 49–88 µmol/L; Serum potassium: 3.5–5.3 mmol/L; eGFR: 80–120 mL/(min.1.73m2)

ARR renin/aldosterone ratio, DDD defined average daily dose of antihypertensive drugs, DRC direct renin concentration, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, PAC plasma aldosterone concentration, CCT captopril challenge test, SSIT seated saline infusion test

*P < 0.05, there was a significant difference

aBlood pressure values were obtained from office measurements

bThe daily maintenance dose of common antihypertensive drugs is defined according to the requirements of (https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/). The DDD definitions for common antihypertensive drugs in our centre is included in Appendix 2-DDD values of common antihypertensive drugs