Table 2. Comparisons in 13 cortical metrics between HC, MCI, AD1, and AD2 groups.

Cortical metrics	Left/right hemisphere	Brain region	Group	P value	Mean difference
Thickness	Left	Precuneus	HC vs. AD1	0.014*	0.213
			HC vs. AD2	<0.001***	0.268
			MCI vs. AD1	0.003**	0.256
			MCI vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.311
Thickness	Right	Middle temporal	HC vs. AD1	0.034*	0.169
			HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.296
			MCI vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.281
Thickness	Right	Inferior parietal	HC vs. AD1	0.023*	0.172
			HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.327
			MCI vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.287
			AD1 vs. AD2	0.046*	0.155
Thickness	Right	Superior temporal	HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.431
			MCI vs. AD2	<0.001***	0.340
			AD1 vs. AD2	0.002**	0.324
LGI	Right	Precentral	HC vs. AD2	<0.001***	0.297
			MCI vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.347
Area	Left	Lateral orbitofrontal	HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.124
			MCI vs. AD2	0.001**	0.095
			AD1 vs. AD2	<0.001***	0.115
Volume	Left	Precuneus	HC vs. AD1	0.009**	0.206
			HC vs. AD2	<0.001***	0.255
			MCI vs. AD1	<0.001***	0.266
			MCI vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.316
Volume	Left	Lingual	HC vs. AD1	0.003**	0.316
			HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.459
			MCI vs. AD2	0.030*	0.242
Volume	Left	Inferior temporal	HC vs. MCI	0.009**	0.444
			HC vs. AD1	0.007**	0.472
			HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.728
Volume	Left	Inferior parietal	HC vs. AD1	0.006**	0.375
			HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.510
			MCI vs. AD2	0.002**	0.389
Volume	Right	Middle temporal [1]	HC vs. MCI	0.004**	0.377
			HC vs. AD1	<0.0001****	0.569
			HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.733
			MCI vs. AD2	0.007**	0.356
Volume	Right	Middle temporal [2]	HC vs. AD1	0.01*	0.377
			HC vs. AD2	<0.0001****	0.604
			MCI vs. AD2	<0.001***	0.485
Volume	Right	Fusiform	HC vs. AD2	<0.001***	0.412
			MCI vs. AD2	0.001**	0.355

*, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001; ****, P<0.0001. AD1, mild Alzheimer’s disease; AD2, moderate Alzheimer’s disease; HC, healthy control; LGI, local gyre index; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.