TABLE 3.
Secondary outcomes of self-reported withdrawal and craving during use of oral nicotine pouches with varied fractions of freebase nicotine versus moist snuff in a sample of healthy adults who use moist snuff, rural and Appalachian Ohio, 2023–2024.a
| Low FBN ONP n = 53b Mean (SD) |
High FBN ONP n = 52b Mean (SD) |
Moist snuff n = 53b Mean (SD) |
Comparison across products P-value |
Low FBN ONP vs. moist snuff P-valuec |
High FBN ONP vs. moist snuff P-valuec |
Low FBN ONP vs. high FBN ONP P-valuec |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| MNWS withdrawal symptomsd | |||||||
| 5 min | 5.7 (5.5) | 5.4 (4.5) | 5.1 (5.4) | 0.81 | – | – | – |
| 15 min | 5.0 (5.4) | 4.1 (3.5) | 3.6 (4.6) | 0.22 | – | – | – |
| 30 min | 4.7 (6.0) | 4.0 (4.0) | 2.9 (3.3) | 0.09 | – | – | – |
| 60 min | 5.3 (5.7) | 4.2 (4.4) | 4.4 (4.8) | 0.72 | – | – | – |
| 90 min | 5.5 (5.5) | 4.6 (4.5) | 4.7 (5.0) | 0.69 | – | – | – |
| MNWS craving | |||||||
| 5 min | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.9 (1.4) | 1.2 (1.4) | 0.003 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.23 |
| 15 min | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.3) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.75 |
| 30 min | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.4 (1.4) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.62 |
| 60 min | 1.7 (1.4) | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.4) | 0.17 | – | – | – |
| 90 min | 1.7 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.5) | 0.36 | – | – | – |
| QSU-Brief Desire subscaled | – | – | – | ||||
| 5 min | 18.6 (9.3) | 21.0 (9.0) | 18.7 (9.0) | 0.08 | – | – | – |
| 15 min | 17.7 (9.7) | 18.3 (9.6) | 14.7 (8.5) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.82 |
| 30 min | 17.4 (9.5) | 17.7 (10.3) | 14.8 (8.3) | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.62 |
| 60 min | 18.4 (9.1) | 18.9 (10.2) | 17.8 (9.3) | 0.49 | – | – | – |
| 90 min | 19.3 (9.5) | 19.5 (10.3) | 19.6 (9.5) | 0.83 | – | – | – |
| QSU-Brief Relief subscale | – | – | – | ||||
| 5 min | 10.7 (5.9) | 11.7 (6.9) | 10.0 (5.7) | 0.09 | – | – | – |
| 15 min | 9.8 (5.9) | 9.9 (6.4) | 8.8 (4.9) | 0.17 | – | – | – |
| 30 min | 9.4 (5.9) | 9.7 (6.5) | 7.6 (4.0) | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| 60 min | 9.5 (5.5) | 10.2 (7.1) | 9.1 (5.3) | 0.59 | – | – | – |
| 90 min | 9.9 (6.3) | 10.5 (7.1) | 9.4 (5.1) | 0.79 | – | – | – |
Abbreviations: FBN, freebase nicotine; ONP, oral nicotine pouch; MNWS, Minnesota Withdrawal Scale; QSU-Brief, Questionnaire of Smoking Urges brief form.
n = 62 participants were recruited from rural and Appalachian Ohio counties to complete a three-visit, single-blind, randomized cross-over experiment. Study ONPs were 6 mg nicotine concentration and peppermint flavor. The low FBN ONP was Rogue brand, and the high FBN ONP was Zyn brand.
Participant counts do not sum to the total analytic sample size (n = 62) because of study attrition and visit-level exclusions from the analytic sample because of noncompliance with nicotine abstinence.
Statistical significance following Holm’s procedure is denoted using bold.
Variable was log-transformed for analyses. Untransformed means and SDs are reported in this table.