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. 2025 Jul 24;22(1):2534131. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2025.2534131

Table 3.

Means ± standard deviations and RM-ANCOVA statistics (covariate: habitual caffeine consumption) for the comparison of time to exhaustion (TTE), average absolute heart rate (HR), and relative HR (percentage of individual peak HR) for the caffeine (CAF) and placebo condition (PLA) in study 1 (2.5 mg*kg−1 caffeine). Due to technical reasons, HR was statistically evaluated for N = 33.

  CAF PLA ANCOVA statistics
condition effect
TTE [s] 1154 ± 536 1279 ± 853 F(1,33) = 2.136, p = 0.153, ηp2= 0.061
HR [min−1] 182 ± 10 180 ± 10 F(1,31) = 2.705, p = 0.110, ηp2= 0.080
Relative HR [%] 93 ± 3 92 ± 4 F(1,31) = 2.521, p = 0.123, ηp2 = 0.075