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. 2025 Jul 24;22(1):2534131. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2025.2534131

Table 5.

Means ± standard deviations and RM-ANCOVA statistics (covariate: habitual caffeine consumption) for the comparison of time to exhaustion (TTE), average absolute (HR), and relative HR (percentage of individual peak HR) for the caffeine (CAF) and placebo condition (PLA) in study 2 (6 mg*kg−1). Due to technical reasons, HR was evaluated for N = 20.

  CAF PLA ANCOVA statistics
condition effect
TTE [s] 1915 ± 1218 1754 ± 1341 F(1,19) = 0.773, p = 0.390, ηp2 = 0.039
HR [min−1] 173 ± 14 174 ± 12 F(1,18) < 0.001, p = 0.993, ηp2 < 0.001
relative HR [%] 91 ± 5 91 ± 3 F(1,18) = 0.001, p = 0.982, ηp2 < 0.001