Table 2.
Meta-analysis results for the associations between EC- long-term exposure and disease incidence by risk of Bias (RoB) assessment in the confounding domain
| Outcome (Incidence) |
Age Group | RoB | Number of Studies in meta-analysis | Pooled RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IHD | Adults |
High Low/Moderate |
1 11 |
1.01 (1.00, 1.02) 1.12 (0.96, 1.31) |
| Lung cancer | Adults |
High Low/Moderate |
1 6 |
0.96 (0.84, 1.10) 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) |
| Asthma Onset | Children |
High Low/Moderate |
1 6 |
0.99 (0.95, 1.03) 1.11 (0.93, 1.33) |
| Asthma Onset | Children/ adolescents |
High Low/Moderate |
1 7 |
0.99 (0.95, 1.03) 1.10 (0.97, 1.26) |
| ALRI | Children | All Low/Moderate | ||
| COPD | Adults |
High Low/Moderate |
1 3 |
1.06 (1.02, 1.09) 0.96 (0.74, 1.26) |
IHD: Ischemic Heart Disease; ALRI: Acute Lower Respiratory Infection; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The associations are expressed per 1 µg/m3 increase in EC