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. 2025 Jul 25;20:312. doi: 10.1186/s13019-025-03549-w

Table 3.

Frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications

PPCs Number of patients (%)
Pleural effusion 113(76.4)
Respiratory infection 72(48.6)
Atelectasis 24(16.2)
Respiratory failure 14(9.5)
Pneumothorax 10(6.8)
Bronchospasm 3(2.0)
Number of patients with one PPC 78 (25.6)
Number of patients with two or more PPCs 70 (23.0)
Total number of patients with PPCs 148(48.5)

Note: PPCs, postoperative pulmonary complications