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. 2025 Jul 25;25:1115. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07669-8

Table 3.

Results of regression model

Independent Variable AIknowledge AIapplication AIprofession AIteaching AIconflicts
β S.E t β S.E t β S.E t β S.E t β S.E t
AIcurricular .140*** .018*** 7.68 -.002 .031 −0.07 .014 .029 0.51 -.108*** .033 −3.25 .048 .036 1.35
Gender -.162*** .015 −10.83 -.186*** .026 −7.23 -.140*** .023 −5.97 -.131*** .027 −4.80 .082** .029 2.81
Age .006** .002 2.77 .001 .004 0.22 .003 .003 0.76 .001 .004 0.35 .021*** .004 4.97
Total academic years -.019 .013 −1.54 .108*** .022 5.00 .114*** .020 5.79 .049* .023 2.16 .048** .015 3.13
Experience of programming code .229*** .019 11.76 .157*** .034 4.68 .104*** .030 3.41 .116*** .035 3.29 .208*** .038 5.49
Experience of technical devices usage .055*** .008 7.05 .070*** .014 5.13 .080*** .012 6.50 .077*** .014 5.36 -.049* .024 −1.99
Constant 2.230*** .097 23.09 3.190*** .166 19.17 2.981*** .151 19.73 3.691*** .176 20.94 3.366*** .188 17.90
N 4,270 4,263 4,264 4,256 4,264
R2 .1026 .0329 .0315 .0203 .0203

* p < .05

** p < .01

*** p < .001