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. 2025 Jul 24;25:974. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13089-7

Table 2.

Annual Pharmacological costs and costs of the health states, transient events, mortality and adverse events (€/2023)

Parameter Mean cost (SEa) Distribution Reference
Pharmacological treatment (€, annual)
Dapagliflozin 355.71 - [40, 41]
SoCb 418.66 - [7, 40, 41]
Health states (€, annual)
 KCCQ-TSS Q1 1,519.25 (303.85) Gamma [42, 43]
 KCCQ-TSS Q2 1,387.14 (277.43) Gamma [42, 43]
 KCCQ-TSS Q3 1,255.03 (251.01) Gamma [42, 43]
 KCCQ-TSS Q4 1,122.92 (224.58) Gamma [42, 43]
Transient event (€, event)
 HHF 4,057.97 (811.59) Gamma [44]
 UHFV 243.21 (48.64) Gamma [43]
Mortality (€, event)
 CV death 8,785.76 (1,757.15) Gamma [44]
AEs (€, event)
 AKI 4,968.48 (993.70) Gamma [44]
 Amputation 13,945.88 (2,789.18) Gamma [43]
 Fracture 7,541.16 (1,508.23) Gamma [43]
 UTI 59.54 (11.91) Gamma [43]
 Volume depletion 59.54 (11.91) Gamma [43]

aA 20% SE was assumed for all parameters

bThe weighted SoC cost assumes that 41.9% of the patients with LVEF > 40% and 58.1% with LVEF ≤ 40% [7]

Abbreviations: AE Adverse event, AKI Acute kidney injury, CV Cardiovascular, HHF Hospitalization for heart failure, KCCQ Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, SE standard error, SoC Standard of care, TSS Total symptom score, UHFV Urgent heart failure visit, UTI Urinary tract infection