Table 3.

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis

Concepts	Items	Mean	SD	Standardized factor loadings	Cronbach’s alpha (α)	CR	AVE
MLSM	MLSM1	5.582	1.493	0.865	0.963	0.964	0.870
	MLSM3	5.648	1.443	0.944
	MLSM4	5.508	1.492	0.966
	MLSM5	5.477	1.520	0.953
MathI	MathI1	5.254	1.634	0.955	0.984	0.985	0.955
	MathI2	5.309	1.549	0.994
	MathI3	5.284	1.557	0.979
MathSE	MathSE2	5.681	1.431	0.953	0.967	0.968	0.953
	MathSE3	5.648	1.443	0.971
	MathSE4	5.508	1.492	0.936
SR	SR1	5.794	1.265	0.939	0.950	0.950	0.795
	SR2	5.701	1.314	0.951
	SR3	5.497	1.412	0.912
	SR4	5.709	1.286	0.791
	SR5	5.698	1.372	0.855