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. 2025 Jul 2;14(7):815. doi: 10.3390/antiox14070815
RONS Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species
E–C coupling Excitation–Contraction Coupling
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
NADPH Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NOX NADPH Oxidase
NOS Nitric Oxide Synthase
SOD Superoxide Dismutase
GPx Glutathione Peroxidase
CAT Catalase
GSH Reduced Glutathione
AMPK AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
PGC-1α Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2
NF-κB Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells
TAC Total Antioxidant Capacity
8-OHdG 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine
DOMS Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
CK Creatine Kinase
HRV Heart Rate Variability
SERCA Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
FOXO Forkhead Box O Transcription Factor
SIRT1 Sirtuin 1
CHO Carbohydrates
NAC N-Acetylcysteine
FAO Fatty Acid Oxidation
GPS Global Positioning System (Athlete Tracking)
RPE Rating of Perceived Exertion