Skip to main content
. 2025 Jul 14;14(7):859. doi: 10.3390/antiox14070859
nAChRs Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
NOX NADPH Oxidases
VECs Vascular Endothelial Cells
NO Nitric Oxide
AP1 Activator Protein-1
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
ERK Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases
JNK c-Jun N-terminal Kinases
p38 MAPK Stress-Activated Protein Kinases
MMP-9 Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
NAIs Negative Air Ions
SOD Superoxide Dismutase
SHR Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Fn1 Fibronectin 1
Spp1 Secreted Phosphoprotein 1
WKY Wistar-Kyoto
SBP Systolic Blood Pressure
HAECs Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
8-OHdG 8-Hydroxylated Deoxyguanosine
ECM Extracellular Matrix
ITGA5 Integrin-α5
EMT Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
ETS1 E26 Transcription Factor-1