Skip to main content
. 2025 Jun 24;12(7):687. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12070687
LLM Large Language Model
GEMMA Gemma-2-9B
LLAMA Llama-3.1-8B
QWEN Qwen2.5-7B
MISTRAL Mistral-7B-Instruct
PHI Phi-3.5-mini-instruct
FT Fine-Tuning
RAG Retrieval-Augmented Generation
FT+RAG Fine-Tuning & Retrieval-Augmented Generation
LoRA Low-Rank Adaptation
QLoRA Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation
PPL Perplexity
ROUGE Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation
BLEU Bilingual Evaluation Understudy
GLEU Google-Bilingual Evaluation Understudy
R-1 ROUGE-1
R-2 ROUGE-2
R-L ROUGE-L
BERT Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers
SBERT Sentence-BERT
BS_P BERTScore Precision
BS_R BERTScore Recall
BS_F1 BERTScore F1
SB_CS         SBERT Cosine Similarity
NASS Negation Aware Semantic Similarity