| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| RBCs | Red blood cells |
| UCNPs | Upconversion nanoparticles |
| ML | Machine learning |
| RE-NPs | Rare-earth nanoparticles |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
| MTT assay | 3-(4,5- dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-di-phenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |
| FT-IR | Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy |
| TGA | Thermogravimetric analysis |
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