| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| EC | ethanol extract of cinnamon |
| BW | body weight |
| HFD | high-fat diet |
| FBG | fasting blood glucose |
| OGTT | oral glucose tolerance test |
| HOMA-IR | homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance |
| TC | total cholesterol |
| TG | total triglyceride |
| LDL-C | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| HDL-C | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| SCFAs | short-chain fatty acids |
| STZ | streptozotocin |
| MS | mass spectrometry |
| PPI | protein–protein interaction |
| GO | Gene Ontology |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| H&E | Hematoxylin and eosin |
| BAs | bile acids |
| CA | cholic acid |
| FXR | farnesoid X receptor |
| FGF15 | fibroblast growth factor 15 |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase |
| AKT | protein kinase B |
| ZO-1 | zonula occludens-1 |