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. 2025 Jul 15;17(14):2341. doi: 10.3390/cancers17142341
a.a. amino acid
ACC Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ACC1 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1
ACLY ATP-citrate lyase
ACSS2 Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
α-KG Alpha-ketoglutarate
AML Acute myeloid leukemia
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
Arg Arginine
ARG Arginase
Asp Aspartate
ASS1 Argininosuccinate synthase 1
BAK Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
BAX Bcl-2-associated X protein
BCAA Branched-chain amino acid
BCAT Branched-chain amino acid transaminase
BCKDK Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase
CAFs Cancer-associated fibroblasts
CPT1 Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
DG D-glucose
DHA Docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid)
EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid)
FA Fatty acid
FAO Fatty acid oxidation
FASBP Fatty acid binding protein
FASN Fatty acid synthase
FATP Fatty acid transporter protein
Gln Glutamine
GLS Glutaminase
Glu Glutamate
GLUD Glutamate dehydrogenase
GLUT Glucose transporter
Gly Glycine
GPX Glutathione peroxidase
HIF1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
HK Hexokinase
HMG-CoA 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
IDH Isocitrate dehydrogenase
KGDH α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
LDHA Lactate dehydrogenase A
MDS Myelodysplastic syndrome
MCT Monocarboxylate transporter
MMP Matrix metalloproteinase
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
MRS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid
NO Nitric oxide
PC Pyruvate carboxylase
PDH Pyruvate dehydrogenase
PET Positron emission tomography
PFK Phosphofructokinase
PHGDH Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PK Pyruvate kinase
PPAR Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PPI Proton pump inhibitor
PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid
RCC Renal cell carcinoma
SCD Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
Ser Serine
SGLT Sodium/glucose co-transporter
SHMT Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
T2D Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCA Tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
TME Tumor microenvironment
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor