| Au | Gold |
| AFM | Atomic Force Microscopy |
| APTES | (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane |
| APTMS | (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane |
| BC | Bacterial Cellulose |
| BPs | Bacterial Pathogens |
| BSA | Bovine Serum Albumin |
| CB | Carbon Black |
| CFU | Colony-Forming Units |
| CPE | Carbon Paste Electrode |
| CRGO | Carboxyl-Rich Graphene Oxide |
| CV | Cyclic Voltammetry |
| DPV | Differential Pulse Voltammetry |
| EBs | Electrochemical Biosensors |
| EDC | 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide |
| EFSA | European Food Safety Agency |
| EIS | Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy |
| ELISA | Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay |
| EOPG | Electro-Oxidized Pristine Graphene |
| FC | Flow Cytometry |
| FET | Field-Effect Transistor |
| GCE | Glassy Carbon Electrode |
| GEBs | Graphene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors |
| GFET | Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor |
| GNMs | Graphene Nanomaterials |
| GO | Graphene Oxide |
| GPEBs | Graphage-Based Electrochemical Biosensors |
| LOD | Limit of Detection |
| LCR | Low-Frequency Capacitance/Inductance |
| MES | 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic Acid (MES buffer) |
| NCBI | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| NHS | N-Hydroxysuccinimide |
| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| PD | Phage Display |
| PEBs | Phage-Based Electrochemical Biosensors |
| PEI | Polyethylenimine |
| PI-5-CA | Polyindole-5-carboxylic acid |
| PLL | Poly-L-Lysine |
| PPy | Polypyrrole |
| PVA | Polyvinyl Alcohol |
| PDADMAC | Poly(Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) |
| qPCR | Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| RBPs | Receptor Binding Proteins |
| rGO | Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| SAMs | Self-Assembled Monolayers |
| SEM | Scanning Electron Microscopy |
| SPEs | Screen-Printed Electrodes |