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. 2025 Jul 19;15(7):467. doi: 10.3390/bios15070467
Au Gold
AFM Atomic Force Microscopy
APTES (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
APTMS (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane
BC Bacterial Cellulose
BPs Bacterial Pathogens
BSA Bovine Serum Albumin
CB Carbon Black
CFU Colony-Forming Units
CPE Carbon Paste Electrode
CRGO Carboxyl-Rich Graphene Oxide
CV Cyclic Voltammetry
DPV Differential Pulse Voltammetry
EBs Electrochemical Biosensors
EDC 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide
EFSA European Food Safety Agency
EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
EOPG Electro-Oxidized Pristine Graphene
FC Flow Cytometry
FET Field-Effect Transistor
GCE Glassy Carbon Electrode
GEBs Graphene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors
GFET Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor
GNMs Graphene Nanomaterials
GO Graphene Oxide
GPEBs Graphage-Based Electrochemical Biosensors
LOD Limit of Detection
LCR Low-Frequency Capacitance/Inductance
MES 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic Acid (MES buffer)
NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
NHS N-Hydroxysuccinimide
NPs Nanoparticles
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PD Phage Display
PEBs Phage-Based Electrochemical Biosensors
PEI Polyethylenimine
PI-5-CA Polyindole-5-carboxylic acid
PLL Poly-L-Lysine
PPy Polypyrrole
PVA Polyvinyl Alcohol
PDADMAC Poly(Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride)
qPCR Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
RBPs Receptor Binding Proteins
rGO Reduced Graphene Oxide
SAMs Self-Assembled Monolayers
SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
SPEs Screen-Printed Electrodes