. 2025 Jul 20;14(14):2538. doi: 10.3390/foods14142538

Table 1.

Agricultural trade and production index system.

System	Primary Indicator	Secondary Indicator	Measurement Method	Attribute
Agricultural Trade	Trade Scale	Total Trade Value	Directly Acquired	+
		Export Value	Directly Acquired	+
		Import Value	Directly Acquired	+
		Trade Balance	Export Value − Import Value	+
	Trade Structure	Processed Agricultural Product Export Share	Processed Agricultural Export Value/Total Export Value	+
		Agricultural Sideline Product Export Share	Agricultural Sideline Export Value/Total Export Value	+
		Primary Product Import Share	Primary Product Import Value/Total Import Value	+
		Animal Product Import Share	Animal Product Import Value/Total Import Value	+
		Export Market Diversification	$D_{i t} = 1 - \sum_{j = 1}^{N} {(\frac{e x p o r t_{i j n}}{e x p o r t_{i n}})}^{2}$ , where $\frac{e x p o r t_{i j n}}{e x p o r t_{i n}}$ Share of exports of product $n$ from region $i$ to country $j$ in region $i$ total exports	+
		Import Market Diversification	$D_{i t} = 1 - \sum_{j = 1}^{N} {(\frac{i m p o r t_{i j n}}{i m p o r t_{i n}})}^{2}$ , where $\frac{i m p o r t_{i j n}}{i m p o r t_{i n}}$ Share of import $n$ from region $i$ to country $j$ in region $i$ total imports	+
	Trade Competitiveness	Import Market Diversification	(Regional Export Value − Regional Import Value)/(Regional Export Value + Regional Import Value)	+
		Export Market Share	Regional Export Value/National Export Value	+
		Import Market Share	Regional Import Value/National Import Value	+
Agricultural Production	Production Scale	Agricultural Land Area	Directly Acquired	+
		Agricultural Water Usage	Directly Acquired
		Agricultural Labor Force	Directly Acquired	+
		Total Agricultural Machinery Power	Directly Acquired	+
		Agricultural R&D Investment	(Gross Agricultural Output/GDP) × Government Science and Technology Expenditure	+
		Gross Output Value of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries	Directly Acquired	+
		Value-added of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fishery	Directly Acquired	+
		Grain Output	Directly Acquired	+
		Fruit and Vegetable Output	Directly Acquired	+
		Meat, Egg, and Dairy Output	Directly Acquired	+
		Aquatic Product Output	Directly Acquired	+
	Production Structure	Cash Crop Sown Area Ratio	Cash Crop Sown Area/Total Crop Sown Area	+
		Forestry Output Share	Forestry Output Value/Gross Output Value of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries	+
		Animal Husbandry Output Share	Animal Husbandry Output Value/Gross Output Value of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries	+
		Fishery Output Share	Fishery Output Value/Gross Output Value of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries	+
	Production Efficiency	Land Productivity	Gross Agricultural Output Value/Crop Sown Area	+
		Labor Productivity	Gross Output Value of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries/Primary Industry Employment	+
		Resource Utilization Efficiency	Gross Output Value of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries/Fertilizer Usage	+