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. 2025 Jul 11;26(14):6673. doi: 10.3390/ijms26146673
TRD Treatment-resistant depression
MDD Major depressive disorder
SSRIs Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
SNRIs Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
MAOIs Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
TCAs Tricyclic antidepressants
IV Intravenous
IM Intramuscular
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
mTOR Rapamycin
CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
HPA Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
IL-6 Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder
KAP Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy
KIC Ketamine-induced cystitis
GAG Glycosaminoglycan
ANCOVA Analysis of covariance