| 25(OH)D | 25-Hydroxy-vitamin D (calciferol) | 
| ABL | Abaloparatide | 
| BMD | Bone mineral density | 
| BMI | Body mass index | 
| BZD | Bazedoxifene (SERM drug) | 
| DHEA | Dehydroepiandrosterone | 
| EMA | European Medicines Agency | 
| ERα/β | Estrogen receptor-alpha/beta | 
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration | 
| FGF | Basic fibroblast growth factor | 
| FSST | Four-Square Step Test | 
| HRT | Hormone replacement therapy | 
| LBM | Lean body mass | 
| IL-6 | Interleukin 6 | 
| IGF-1 | Insulin-like growth factor-1 | 
| MSCs | Mesenchymal stem cells | 
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor-kappa B transcription factor | 
| OPG | Osteoprotegerin | 
| PTH | Teriparatide | 
| RANKL | Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) receptor activator ligand | 
| SERMs | Selective estrogen receptor modulators | 
| SMA | Spinal muscle atrophy | 
| SOST | Sclerostin | 
| SPPB | Short physical performance battery | 
| TUG | Timed Up and Go muscle performance test |