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. 2025 Jul 18;26(14):6924. doi: 10.3390/ijms26146924
25(OH)D 25-Hydroxy-vitamin D (calciferol)
ABL Abaloparatide
BMD Bone mineral density
BMI Body mass index
BZD Bazedoxifene (SERM drug)
DHEA Dehydroepiandrosterone
EMA European Medicines Agency
ERα/β Estrogen receptor-alpha/beta
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FGF Basic fibroblast growth factor
FSST Four-Square Step Test
HRT Hormone replacement therapy
LBM Lean body mass
IL-6 Interleukin 6
IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor-1
MSCs Mesenchymal stem cells
NF-κB Nuclear factor-kappa B transcription factor
OPG Osteoprotegerin
PTH Teriparatide
RANKL Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) receptor activator ligand
SERMs Selective estrogen receptor modulators
SMA Spinal muscle atrophy
SOST Sclerostin
SPPB Short physical performance battery
TUG Timed Up and Go muscle performance test